tmux是一个优秀的终端复用软件,类似GNU Screen,但来自于OpenBSD,采用BSD授权。使用它最直观的好处就是,通过一个终端登录远程主机并运行tmux后,在其中可以开启多个控制台而无需再“浪费”多余的终端来连接这台远程主机;当然其功能远不止于此。与screen相比的优点:可以横向和纵向分割窗口,且窗格可以自由移动和调整大小。可在多个缓冲区进行复制和粘贴,支持跨窗口搜索;非正常断线后不需重新detach;…… 有人说——与tmux相比,screen简直弱爆了。
下载源码包:
wget --no-check-certificate https://github.com/downloads/libevent/libevent/libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gz wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/tmux/tmux-1.8.tar.gz
编译tmux-1.8时,可能出现如下错误:
control.c: In function ‘control_callback’: control.c:63: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘evbuffer_readln’ control.c:63: error: ‘EVBUFFER_EOL_LF’ undeclared (first use in this function) control.c:63: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once control.c:63: error: for each function it appears in.) control.c:63: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast make: *** [control.o] Error 1
原因是使用的libevent的版本太低造成的,tmux1.8要求libevent>= 2.0.10-stable
编译libevent
yum -y install ncurses-devel #依赖包 tar xzf libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gz cd libevent-2.0.21-stable ./configure make && make install cd ../ tar xzf tmux-1.8.tar.gz cd tmux-1.8 CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include" LDFLAGS="-L//usr/local/lib" ./configure make && make install1 <strong>直接./configure不能通过编译,报如下错误:</strong> 1cmd-capture-pane.o: In function `cmd_capture_pane_pending': cmd-capture-pane.c:(.text+0x356): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup' cmd-capture-pane.c:(.text+0x367): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' cmd-load-buffer.o: In function `cmd_load_buffer_callback': cmd-load-buffer.c:(.text+0x52): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' cmd-load-buffer.c:(.text+0x88): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup' cmd-pipe-pane.o: In function `cmd_pipe_pane_exec': cmd-pipe-pane.c:(.text+0x2bf): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' cmd-run-shell.o: In function `cmd_run_shell_callback': cmd-run-shell.c:(.text+0x315): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' cmd-run-shell.c:(.text+0x3fe): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup' cmd-set-option.o: In function `cmd_set_option_exec': cmd-set-option.c:(.text+0xc90): undefined reference to `event_initialized' control.o: In function `control_callback': control.c:(.text+0x15f): undefined reference to `evbuffer_readln' control-notify.o: In function `control_notify_input': control-notify.c:(.text+0x3ef): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup' control-notify.c:(.text+0x3fa): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' format.o: In function `format_window_pane_tabs': format.c:(.text+0xe05): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' format.c:(.text+0xe3b): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup' format.c:(.text+0xe45): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' input.o: In function `input_set_state': input.c:(.text+0x1b97): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' input.o: In function `input_parse': input.c:(.text+0x1bd8): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' input.c:(.text+0x1c35): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup' input.c:(.text+0x1c43): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' job.o: In function `job_write_callback': job.c:(.text+0x12): undefined reference to `bufferevent_get_output' job.c:(.text+0x1a): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' names.o: In function `queue_window_name': names.c:(.text+0x144): undefined reference to `event_initialized' names.o: In function `window_name_callback': names.c:(.text+0x237): undefined reference to `event_initialized' server-client.o: In function `server_client_check_exit': server-client.c:(.text+0xbca): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' server-client.c:(.text+0xbdc): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' server-client.c:(.text+0xbee): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' server-client.o: In function `server_client_lost': server-client.c:(.text+0x1835): undefined reference to `event_initialized' server-client.c:(.text+0x1859): undefined reference to `event_initialized' server-client.c:(.text+0x1937): undefined reference to `event_initialized' server-fn.o: In function `server_update_event': server-fn.c:(.text+0x23c): undefined reference to `event_initialized' server-fn.o: In function `server_set_identify': server-fn.c:(.text+0x2e7): undefined reference to `event_initialized' server-fn.o: In function `server_push_stdout': server-fn.c:(.text+0xd9f): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' server-fn.c:(.text+0xdcc): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup' server-fn.o: In function `server_push_stderr': server-fn.c:(.text+0xe6b): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' server-fn.c:(.text+0xe98): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup' server.o: In function `server_add_accept': server.c:(.text+0x43c): undefined reference to `event_initialized' status.o: In function `status_message_set': status.c:(.text+0x2484): undefined reference to `event_initialized' status.o: In function `status_job_callback': status.c:(.text+0x25e8): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' status.c:(.text+0x2623): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup' tty-keys.o: In function `tty_keys_next': tty-keys.c:(.text+0x6b7): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup' tty-keys.c:(.text+0x6cb): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' tty-keys.c:(.text+0x771): undefined reference to `event_initialized' tty-keys.c:(.text+0x843): undefined reference to `event_initialized' tty-keys.c:(.text+0x8f9): undefined reference to `event_initialized' tty.o: In function `tty_close': tty.c:(.text+0x326c): undefined reference to `event_initialized' window.o: In function `window_pane_read_callback': window.c:(.text+0x276b): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' window.c:(.text+0x2791): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length' window.c:(.text+0x27e1): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup' window.o: In function `window_pane_destroy': window.c:(.text+0x2e5a): undefined reference to `event_initialized' window.o: In function `window_destroy': window.c:(.text+0x36c5): undefined reference to `event_initialized' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [tmux] Error 1
运行tmux可能出现如下错误:
tmux: error while loading shared libraries: libevent-2.0.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决办法:建立相应的symbol link
if [ `getconf WORD_BIT` = '32' ] && [ `getconf LONG_BIT` = '64' ] ; then ln -s /usr/local/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5 /usr/lib64/libevent-2.0.so.5 else ln -s /usr/local/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5 /usr/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5 fi
判断操作系统多少位://linuxeye.com/303.html
tmux操作手册
类似各种平铺式窗口管理器,tmux使用键盘操作,常用快捷键包括:
Ctrl+b | 激活控制台;此时以下按键生效 | |
系统操作 | ? | 列出所有快捷键;按q返回 |
d | 脱离当前会话;这样可以暂时返回Shell界面,输入tmux attach能够重新进入之前的会话 | |
D | 选择要脱离的会话;在同时开启了多个会话时使用 | |
Ctrl+z | 挂起当前会话 | |
r | 强制重绘未脱离的会话 | |
s | 选择并切换会话;在同时开启了多个会话时使用 | |
: | 进入命令行模式;此时可以输入支持的命令,例如kill-server可以关闭服务器 | |
[ | 进入复制模式;此时的操作与vi/emacs相同,按q/Esc退出 | |
~ | 列出提示信息缓存;其中包含了之前tmux返回的各种提示信息 | |
窗口操作 | c | 创建新窗口 |
& | 关闭当前窗口 | |
数字键 | 切换至指定窗口 | |
p | 切换至上一窗口 | |
n | 切换至下一窗口 | |
l | 在前后两个窗口间互相切换 | |
w | 通过窗口列表切换窗口 | |
, | 重命名当前窗口;这样便于识别 | |
. | 修改当前窗口编号;相当于窗口重新排序 | |
f | 在所有窗口中查找指定文本 | |
面板操作 | ” | 将当前面板平分为上下两块 |
% | 将当前面板平分为左右两块 | |
x | 关闭当前面板 | |
! | 将当前面板置于新窗口;即新建一个窗口,其中仅包含当前面板 | |
Ctrl+方向键 | 以1个单元格为单位移动边缘以调整当前面板大小 | |
Alt+方向键 | 以5个单元格为单位移动边缘以调整当前面板大小 | |
Space | 在预置的面板布局中循环切换;依次包括even-horizontal、even-vertical、main-horizontal、main-vertical、tiled | |
q | 显示面板编号 | |
o | 在当前窗口中选择下一面板 | |
方向键 | 移动光标以选择面板 | |
{ | 向前置换当前面板 | |
} | 向后置换当前面板 | |
Alt+o | 逆时针旋转当前窗口的面板 | |
Ctrl+o | 顺时针旋转当前窗口的面板 |
tmux配置
tmux的系统级配置文件为/etc/tmux.conf,用户级配置文件为~/.tmux.conf。配置文件实际上就是tmux的命令集合,也就是说每行配置均可在进入命令行模式后输入生效。
下面是一个~/.tmux.conf的示例,其中包括了一些常用的配置:
#此类配置可以在命令行模式中输入show-options -g查询 set-option -g base-index 1 #窗口的初始序号;默认为0,这里设置为1 set-option -g display-time 5000 #提示信息的持续时间;设置足够的时间以避免看不清提示,单位为毫秒 set-option -g repeat-time 1000 #控制台激活后的持续时间;设置合适的时间以避免每次操作都要先激活控制台,单位为毫秒 set-option -g status-keys vi #操作状态栏时的默认键盘布局;可以设置为vi或emacs set-option -g status-right "#(date +%H:%M' ')" #状态栏右方的内容;这里的设置将得到类似23:59的显示 set-option -g status-right-length 10 #状态栏右方的内容长度;建议把更多的空间留给状态栏左方(用于列出当前窗口) set-option -g status-utf8 on 开启状态栏的UTF-8支持 #此类设置可以在命令行模式中输入show-window-options -g查询 set-window-option -g mode-keys vi #复制模式中的默认键盘布局;可以设置为vi或emacs set-window-option -g utf8 on #开启窗口的UTF-8支持 #将激活控制台的快捷键由Ctrl+b修改为Ctrl+a set-option -g prefix C-a unbind-key C-b bind-key C-a send-prefix #添加自定义快捷键 bind-key z kill-session #按z结束当前会话;相当于进入命令行模式后输入kill-session bind-key h select-layout even-horizontal #按h将当前面板布局切换为even-horizontal;相当于进入命令行模式后输入select-layout even-horizontal bind-key v select-layout even-vertical #按v将当前面板布局切换为even-vertical;相当于进入命令行模式后输入select-layout even-vertical1
#常用
tmux #开启tmux
tmux ls #列出会话(tmux list-session )
tmux attach #Tmux重新连接到之前的窗口可使用
tmux attach -t session #进入某个会话
tmux -r #连接上次断开的session
tmux kill-session #关闭上次tmux打开窗口
tmux kill-server #关闭所有tmux打开窗口
Fri May 10 16:57:18 CST 2013